The New Chinese Threat to the Dollar

Current Chinese and American monetary policiesexpanded to any number of its trading partners,
are diametrically opposed.thereby creating a fairly large dollar-free economic
China has based its growth and rise to economiczone.
prominence on an export-led economic model,This would in the short term reduce the
with the United States as a primary destinationimportance of the dollar as the dominant world
for Chinese-made goods. The result of this policycurrency. The ultimate effect would be much
is a two trillion dollar foreign exchange reserve, ofmore far-reaching.
which roughly 60percent is denominated in dollars.The global primacy of the dollar is to a great
The US, on the other hand, has chosen a policyextent based on the assumption that there is no
of monetary easing in to fight the currentavailable substitute for it.
recession. It is running huge budget deficits, partThe above strategy of dollar-free transactions,
of which is financed through money creation bywhich is quite workable, undermines this
the Federal Reserve. Such a vast increase inassumption by showing that in many cases such a
money supply can only lead to a devaluation ofsubstitute is not needed. All that is required is
the dollar, which reduces the value of Chineseagreement on the relative value of two national
reserves.currencies.
The Chinese cannot allow thirty years worth ofFurthermore, if demonstrated successfully
currency accumulation to evaporate as a result ofbetween, for example, China and Brazil, such a
inflationary US policy. They have sent USbilateral commercial strategy could be applied to
authorities repeated messages to that effect,transactions between countries other than China.
including: top-level statements of concern; massiveRussia and Germany, for example, could in the
purchases of strategic metals; announcing theirsame manner exchange energy products for
gold reserves are twice the size previouslyengineering goods and services.
thought; reducing purchases of longer-termFinally, this approach to trade would gradually
Treasury bonds.extinguish the key role of the dollar in pricing
The most recent Chinese move has been tocommodities, such as oil, sugar, copper or grains.
start negotiations with Brazil to cut the dollar outThese commodities would de facto come to be
of their mutual trade relations, which would relypriced in terms of a basket of currencies, based
on national currencies instead.on the actual volume of transactions in the
In response US Treasury Secretary Tim Geithnervarious national units of account.
traveled to Beijing in late May to reassure theThe dollar would then be then reduced to being
Chinese concerning US policies. Perfunctorythe national currency of the United States, with
statements of agreement were exchanged as hesignificant consequences for this country and for
left China. But on the day after Mr. Geithnerthe rest of the world. The US, no longer able to
departed, China announced negotiations withrely on the prominence of the dollar in global
Malaysia similar to those with Brazil: no morefinance, would like any other country be fully
dollar-denominated trade there either.responsible for the value of its own currency.
In other words, the visit by Mr. Geithner solvedThe Chinese initiative is therefore no idle threat.
nothing. However, it goes way beyond that. TheWhether the Chinese government will implement
announcement is not just another message tothis new strategy across the board or even on a
the United States. It can well be the start of alarge scale is unknown. Very possibly they have
new monetary strategy.no definite plan at this point. But a whole realm of
The type of economic transaction underpossibilities has been opened.
negotiation with Brazil and Malaysia is essentially aWhat is certain is that the US government must
barter deal based on the relative values of thenow face the fact that its policies, so far dictated
two national currencies involved. As China has astrictly by domestic concerns, may in the very
large economy involving many buyers andnear future have a major and lasting impact on
suppliers, such a type of transaction can bethe status of its currency.